“Use the Theory of Contrast to Get More Than You Expect”

By Art Sobczak

 Negotiators use a  technique called the Theory of Contrast that's
                 just as applicable in sales. It states that you should ask for more than you expect to get, or, offer less than you expect to pay. 

It’s called contrast since the price, amount, or ultimate solution arrived at appears small contrasted to what was origi­nally asked for. A few examples I’ve encountered just recently:

• my 11-year old son needed athletic shoes (we used to call them gym shoes). He dragged me over to the life sized cutout of Shaquille O’Neal, displaying the new cushion soled, air injected, water cooled (I think) shoes, well into the $100+ range.  “You’ve got to be kidding,”  I shrieked. “No way!” He sulked over to another display and meekly handed me a “basic” Air Jordan. Sur­veying the price to be a mere $69, compared to the shoes that ought to come with an instruction manual, I felt like I hit the lottery. It wasn’t until later I realized he deftly executed the theory of contrast.

 • I listed for sale a piece of commercial real estate at $20,000 over what I hoped to get. An offer came in $15,000 below my asking price. Done deal. They felt good, as did I.

When you ask for more than you expect it establishes a psychological standard in the mind of the other person. If such a standard already existed, say, a price the other person was thinking of paying, the much higher asking price immediately raises that level. For example, just the other day I went shopping for a nice, quality, leather desk chair. I didn’t know the going prices. My expectation was, oh, maybe $200-$300. Wrong! My eyes were opened, and suddenly my spending ceiling had risen over the $1000 mark.

Investment professionals do this all the time. They’ll ask a prospect if they have $50,000 to invest if the opportunity was right. This not only scares away the people who have no intention of investing, it often raises the starting amount that an interested investor might start with, maybe from $5,000 up to $10,000.

Lets Them Feel Good

The Theory of Contrast also allows the other person to feel good about the transaction. It gives them a victory. All negotiating should be win-win, and this helps accomplish that objective. If, for example, you’re authorized to drop prices to win business, you should always start with the full price, which is more than you expect to get. In the sales process you could  use the lower price as a concession in exchange for getting a larger order. Here are a few action tips for using the Theory of Contrast,

  don’t make a larger request if it’s not in the buyer’s best interest. In other words, don’t go for large sales just to pad your own wallet. It’ll come back to bite you later. Your custom­ers resent having money tied up in things they can’t use. That’s not good for repeat business.

 get rid of your own self-imposed limits. Michael Kalmonson, at the time the Sales Manager of Windsor Vineyards,  showed me the cubicles of two people who, he explained, were of equal experience, education, and natural ability. But one outsold the other by about two-to-one. The difference? The higher seller asked for case orders of wine, while the other only sug­gested a few bottles at a time.

 • be reasonable. Get crazy with your requests, and no one will even consider countering.

Think small, and you’ll get small sales. Think, and ask big, and your results will be proportional.  

(Art Sobczak gives real-world, how-to conversational ideas and techniques helping business-to-business salespeople use the phone more effectively to prospect, sell, service, and manage accounts without "rejection." Author of numerous books, taped training programs and publisher of the TELEPHONE SELLING REPORT sales tips newsletter, he's also a speaker and trainer, providing high-content, one-hour to multiple-day customized speeches and seminars. Visit Art's Web site by clicking here and receive his free, weekly sales tips newsletter the Tele-Sales Hot Tips of the Week.